A Twitter dataset of 346,573 nodes, 1,091,552 edges, collected by Shao et al. via Hoaxy API (OSoMe/Indiana University). Each record contains from_user_id, to_user_id, tweet_id, tweet_created_at, site_type (claim/fact-checking). Retweet diffusion network of misinformation and fact-checking content surrounding the 2016 US election; distinguishes claim vs. fact-checking retweets.. Suitable for Misinformation diffusion, fact-checking network analysis, network epidemiology..
A X (Twitter) with Community Notes annotations dataset of 152,266 multimodal posts (21,845 AI-generated, 104,915 miscaptioned), collected by Chrysidis, Papadopoulos & Papadopoulos via X Community Notes (2026). Each record contains tweet ID, reply/favorite/view/retweet counts, Community Notes text and timestamp, and misinformation type label (miscaptioned / ai_generated / other). Large-scale dataset of 152,266 multimodal X posts with Community Notes — tracking the rise of AI-generated misinformation with 21,845 confirmed AI-generated posts. Includes engagement metrics showing that AI-generated content achieves disproportionate virality despite slower initial reporting.. Suitable for AI-generated content detection, misinformation classification, Community Notes effectiveness, multimodal misinformation analysis, virality and engagement modeling, temporal degradation of detectors.
A FakeNewsNet (fake news with social context) dataset of 23,196 news articles labeled fake/real with social media context, collected by Shu et al. via Politifact and GossipCop (2019). Each record contains news title, article text, binary label (0=real, 1=fake), source (politifact/gossipcop), publish date, and URL. The dataset is notable for its dataset with social context and spatiotemporal information for studying fake news propagation. Intended for research into fake news detection, social media analysis, misinformation propagation, and multimodal research.
A CLEF CheckThat! 2024 shared task (english) dataset of 22,501 sentences with binary check-worthiness labels (24.1% check-worthy), collected by CLEF CheckThat! Lab organizers (2024). Each record contains sentence text, binary check-worthiness label (Yes/No), sentence ID, source document. CLEF 2024 CheckThat! Task 1 (english) provides 22,501 sentences from political debates and social media annotated for check-worthiness — whether the claim merits fact-checking. Suitable for check-worthiness detection, fact-checking automation, misinformation research, NLP classification benchmarks, political discourse analysis.
A CLEF CheckThat! 2024 shared task (spanish) dataset of 19,948 sentences with binary check-worthiness labels (15.7% check-worthy), collected by CLEF CheckThat! Lab organizers (2024). Each record contains sentence text, binary check-worthiness label (Yes/No), sentence ID, source document. CLEF 2024 CheckThat! Task 1 (spanish) provides 19,948 sentences from political debates and social media annotated for check-worthiness — whether the claim merits fact-checking. Suitable for check-worthiness detection, fact-checking automation, misinformation research, NLP classification benchmarks, political discourse analysis.
A LIAR (fact-checking benchmark) dataset of 12,789 labeled claim statements from Politifact, collected by Wang via Politifact fact-checking (2017). Each record contains claim text, 6-class veracity label, speaker metadata (party, state, job title), credit history counts (barely_true/false/half_true/mostly_true/pants_fire), and context. The dataset is notable for its benchmark dataset for fake news detection with fine-grained 6-class labels, rich speaker metadata, and credit history. Intended for research into fake news detection, fact-checking, political discourse analysis, and misinformation research.
Twitter conversations around the Ottawa Parliament Hill shooting (October 2014), from the PHEME rumour dataset (Zubiaga, Liakata, Procter, Kochkina and colleagues; the complete release for rumour detection and veracity classification, figshare 6392078): 890 threads, each a source tweet and its replies, of which 470 were judged rumours by journalists and 420 not. Every rumour also carries its veracity as later established: 329 true, 72 false and 69 unverified. 12,284 tweets in all, with full tweet JSON. ECHO builds the reply network (11,394 reply links, each reply pointing to the tweet it answers) and labels each tweet with its thread's rumour status and, for source tweets, the veracity. Useful for rumour detection, rumour verification and modelling how conversations unfold. Annotations CC BY 4.0; Twitter retains the rights to tweet content. The archive PHEME_veracity.tar.bz2 is gzip-compressed despite its name (the name is the authors' own, kept so the checksum matches figshare): extract it with `tar xzf`.
A CLEF CheckThat! 2025 Task 2 (english) dataset of 11,374 social media post and normalized claim pairs, collected by CLEF CheckThat! Lab organizers (2025). Each record contains social media post text containing a factual claim, normalized canonical claim statement. CLEF 2025 CheckThat! Task 2 (english) provides 11,374 pairs of social media posts and their normalized factual claims, enabling claim normalization and canonicalization research. Suitable for claim normalization, fact-checking automation, NLP text generation, multilingual claim extraction, social media fact verification.
A CLEF CheckThat! 2024 shared task (arabic) dataset of 7,333 sentences with binary check-worthiness labels (30.6% check-worthy), collected by CLEF CheckThat! Lab organizers (2024). Each record contains sentence text, binary check-worthiness label (Yes/No), sentence ID, source document. CLEF 2024 CheckThat! Task 1 (arabic) provides 7,333 sentences from political debates and social media annotated for check-worthiness — whether the claim merits fact-checking. Suitable for check-worthiness detection, fact-checking automation, misinformation research, NLP classification benchmarks, political discourse analysis.
A CoAID (COVID-19 misinformation dataset) dataset of 5,975 news articles and social media posts, collected by Cui and Lee via COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021). Each record contains news articles, fact-check URLs, binary label (0=real, 1=fake), and temporal data. The dataset is notable for its temporally-structured dataset tracking COVID-19 misinformation evolution. Intended for research into COVID-19 misinformation detection, healthcare communication, and temporal social media analysis.
A CLEF CheckThat! 2025 Task 2 (spanish) dataset of 3,458 social media post and normalized claim pairs, collected by CLEF CheckThat! Lab organizers (2025). Each record contains social media post text containing a factual claim, normalized canonical claim statement. CLEF 2025 CheckThat! Task 2 (spanish) provides 3,458 pairs of social media posts and their normalized factual claims, enabling claim normalization and canonicalization research. Suitable for claim normalization, fact-checking automation, NLP text generation, multilingual claim extraction, social media fact verification.
A Weibo (CHECKED dataset) dataset of 2,104 microblogs with engagement and expert analysis, collected by Yang, Zhou, and Zafarani via Weibo (2020-2021). Each record contains microblog text, images, videos, engagement metrics (comments, reposts, likes), and expert analysis for fake news. The dataset is notable for its first Chinese COVID-19 fake news dataset with expert analysis, anonymized user IDs, and rich social interaction data. Intended for research into fake news detection, misinformation analysis, Chinese NLP, social network analysis, and public health communication.
A CLEF CheckThat! 2025 Task 2 (portuguese) dataset of 1,735 social media post and normalized claim pairs, collected by CLEF CheckThat! Lab organizers (2025). Each record contains social media post text containing a factual claim, normalized canonical claim statement. CLEF 2025 CheckThat! Task 2 (portuguese) provides 1,735 pairs of social media posts and their normalized factual claims, enabling claim normalization and canonicalization research. Suitable for claim normalization, fact-checking automation, NLP text generation, multilingual claim extraction, social media fact verification.
A CLEF CheckThat! 2025 Task 2 (french) dataset of 1,174 social media post and normalized claim pairs, collected by CLEF CheckThat! Lab organizers (2025). Each record contains social media post text containing a factual claim, normalized canonical claim statement. CLEF 2025 CheckThat! Task 2 (french) provides 1,174 pairs of social media posts and their normalized factual claims, enabling claim normalization and canonicalization research. Suitable for claim normalization, fact-checking automation, NLP text generation, multilingual claim extraction, social media fact verification.
A CLEF CheckThat! 2025 Task 2 (hindi) dataset of 1,081 social media post and normalized claim pairs, collected by CLEF CheckThat! Lab organizers (2025). Each record contains social media post text containing a factual claim, normalized canonical claim statement. CLEF 2025 CheckThat! Task 2 (hindi) provides 1,081 pairs of social media posts and their normalized factual claims, enabling claim normalization and canonicalization research. Suitable for claim normalization, fact-checking automation, NLP text generation, multilingual claim extraction, social media fact verification.
A CLEF CheckThat! 2024 shared task (dutch) dataset of 995 sentences with binary check-worthiness labels (40.7% check-worthy), collected by CLEF CheckThat! Lab organizers (2024). Each record contains sentence text, binary check-worthiness label (Yes/No), sentence ID, source document. CLEF 2024 CheckThat! Task 1 (dutch) provides 995 sentences from political debates and social media annotated for check-worthiness — whether the claim merits fact-checking. Suitable for check-worthiness detection, fact-checking automation, misinformation research, NLP classification benchmarks, political discourse analysis.
A CLEF CheckThat! 2025 Task 2 (arabic-msa) dataset of 540 social media post and normalized claim pairs, collected by CLEF CheckThat! Lab organizers (2025). Each record contains social media post text containing a factual claim, normalized canonical claim statement. CLEF 2025 CheckThat! Task 2 (arabic-msa) provides 540 pairs of social media posts and their normalized factual claims, enabling claim normalization and canonicalization research. Suitable for claim normalization, fact-checking automation, NLP text generation, multilingual claim extraction, social media fact verification.
A CLEF CheckThat! 2025 Task 2 (arabic) dataset of 470 social media post and normalized claim pairs, collected by CLEF CheckThat! Lab organizers (2025). Each record contains social media post text containing a factual claim, normalized canonical claim statement. CLEF 2025 CheckThat! Task 2 (arabic) provides 470 pairs of social media posts and their normalized factual claims, enabling claim normalization and canonicalization research. Suitable for claim normalization, fact-checking automation, NLP text generation, multilingual claim extraction, social media fact verification.
A CLEF CheckThat! 2025 Task 2 (punjabi) dataset of 445 social media post and normalized claim pairs, collected by CLEF CheckThat! Lab organizers (2025). Each record contains social media post text containing a factual claim, normalized canonical claim statement. CLEF 2025 CheckThat! Task 2 (punjabi) provides 445 pairs of social media posts and their normalized factual claims, enabling claim normalization and canonicalization research. Suitable for claim normalization, fact-checking automation, NLP text generation, multilingual claim extraction, social media fact verification.
A CLEF CheckThat! 2025 Task 2 (german) dataset of 386 social media post and normalized claim pairs, collected by CLEF CheckThat! Lab organizers (2025). Each record contains social media post text containing a factual claim, normalized canonical claim statement. CLEF 2025 CheckThat! Task 2 (german) provides 386 pairs of social media posts and their normalized factual claims, enabling claim normalization and canonicalization research. Suitable for claim normalization, fact-checking automation, NLP text generation, multilingual claim extraction, social media fact verification.
A CLEF CheckThat! 2025 Task 2 (thai) dataset of 244 social media post and normalized claim pairs, collected by CLEF CheckThat! Lab organizers (2025). Each record contains social media post text containing a factual claim, normalized canonical claim statement. CLEF 2025 CheckThat! Task 2 (thai) provides 244 pairs of social media posts and their normalized factual claims, enabling claim normalization and canonicalization research. Suitable for claim normalization, fact-checking automation, NLP text generation, multilingual claim extraction, social media fact verification.
A CLEF CheckThat! 2025 Task 2 (polish) dataset of 163 social media post and normalized claim pairs, collected by CLEF CheckThat! Lab organizers (2025). Each record contains social media post text containing a factual claim, normalized canonical claim statement. CLEF 2025 CheckThat! Task 2 (polish) provides 163 pairs of social media posts and their normalized factual claims, enabling claim normalization and canonicalization research. Suitable for claim normalization, fact-checking automation, NLP text generation, multilingual claim extraction, social media fact verification.
A CLEF CheckThat! 2025 Task 2 (marathi) dataset of 137 social media post and normalized claim pairs, collected by CLEF CheckThat! Lab organizers (2025). Each record contains social media post text containing a factual claim, normalized canonical claim statement. CLEF 2025 CheckThat! Task 2 (marathi) provides 137 pairs of social media posts and their normalized factual claims, enabling claim normalization and canonicalization research. Suitable for claim normalization, fact-checking automation, NLP text generation, multilingual claim extraction, social media fact verification.
A CLEF CheckThat! 2025 Task 2 (tamil) dataset of 102 social media post and normalized claim pairs, collected by CLEF CheckThat! Lab organizers (2025). Each record contains social media post text containing a factual claim, normalized canonical claim statement. CLEF 2025 CheckThat! Task 2 (tamil) provides 102 pairs of social media posts and their normalized factual claims, enabling claim normalization and canonicalization research. Suitable for claim normalization, fact-checking automation, NLP text generation, multilingual claim extraction, social media fact verification.
Twitter (X)
Weibo